Suchergebnisse

Book in two volumes.-- Seville, Spain.-- September 12-16, 2005.-- Printed books are available at IRNAS-CSIC Library Avda. Reina Mercedes 10, 41012 Seville.-- Other Credits: Equipo de trabajo: Rocío González Vázquez, Antonio Terán Rodíguez, José Mª de la Rosa Arranz. Maquetación: Rocío González Vázquez ; The IMOG is the official conference of the European Association of Organic Geochemists (EAOG) and one of the most important events on this subject in the world. After the previous IMOG meetings in Madrid (7th IMOG; 1975) and San Sebastian (17th IMOG; 1995), Seville is proud to host the third IMOG edition in Spain during September 12-16, 2005. The Conference is organized under the auspices of the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (MEC), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Geological and Mining Institute of Spain (IGME), University of Seville and Andalusian Regional Government. This book, divided in two volumes, encomprises all communications to the 22 IMOG. For this IMOG edition a grand total of 625 abstracts were submitted by authors from 43 countries from all around the world. During the last weekend of February 2005 the 22 IMOG Scientific Committee (SC) meet in Seville to review and discuss the distribution and form of presentation of the communications, and the Conference's general chart of the events was produced. Finally 575 papers were accepted for presentation at the Conference, of which 92 were orals and 483 posters. ; Ministerio de Educación y Ciencia (MEC) Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) Instituto Geológico y Minero de España (IGME) Universidad de Sevilla Junta de Andalucía Consejería de Innovación, Ciencia y Empresa Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria, Pesquera, Alimentaria y de la Producción Ecológica (IFAPA) Consejería de Turismo, Comercio y Deporte. Delegación Provincial de Cádiz Consorcio de Turismo de la Provincia de Sevilla. Turismo de Sevilla Patronato del Real Alcázar de Sevilla Repsol YPF Chevron Texaco Unocal 76 British Petroleum Shell Exxon Mobil Statoil Hydro Integrated Geochemical Interpretation Ltd. Humble Instruments & Services Inc. Baseline Resolution Inc. Vinci Technologies S.A. Thermo Electron Corp. Iberia Renfe Viajes el Corte Inglés Anorsur S.L. Cruzcampo ; Peer reviewed

7 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, 16 references. Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología, CSIC, P.O. Box 1052, Avda. Reina Mercedes, 10, E-41080 Seville, Spain;E-mail address: delrio@irnase.csic.es ; An analytical procedure for the analysis of lipophilic extractives from wood and pitch deposits is described in this paper. It comprises a rapid gas chromatographic method that enables the analysis of a high number of samples in a short period of time. Short-length, high-temperature capillary columns with thin films and high temperature- programming rates were preferred for the rapid analysis of wood extractives since they enable elution and separation of compounds within a wide molecular mass range (from fatty acids to sterol esters and triglycerides) in the same chromatographic analysis in a short period of time. Several examples of analysis of extractives from pine and eucalypt woods and pitch deposits in an eucalypt kraft pulp, are shown. On the other hand, a simple fractionation method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) in aminopropyl cartridges is described for the preparative scale separation and fractionation of wood lipophilic extractives into major lipid classes. The SPE advantages include smaller sample and solvent requirements and ease of use compared to conventional solvent extraction techniques. ; This research has been supported by the Project "Wood Extractives in Pulp and Paper Manufacture: Technical and Environmental Implications and Biological Removal" (FAIR CT95-0560) of the European Union. ; Peer reviewed

8 páginas.-- 4 figuras.-- 1 tabla.--73 referencias.-- (En prensa) ; Large number of studies has demonstrated the usefulness of flash pyrolysis in association with GC–MS in releasing diagnostic volatile compounds informing about the complex composition of natural organic matter (NOM). This knowledge is of interest as regards monitoring agricultural and environmental processes including pollution. In this context the term NOM comprises a wide array of biomacromolecules (lignins, polysaccharides, proteins, lipid polymers, etc.), as well as complex three-dimensional macromolecules, either labile or recalcitrant, and which are referred to with generic terms such as dissolved organic matter, humic substances and black carbon. In this communication an updated overview on recent advances achieved by analytical pyrolysis in the structural characterization of recalcitrant/fossil/NOM is presented, with particular focus in the detection of polycyclic aromatic compounds (PAHs) within complex organic matrices. ; This work has been partly funded by the European Union RECARE (FP7-ENV-2013 Grant Agreement No. 603498) and the Spanish 'Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad' through project GEOFIRE (CGL2012-38655-C04-01). ; Peer reviewed

Trabajo presentado al XXXIII Congresso Brasileiro de Ciência do Solo, celebrado del 31 de julio al 5 de agosto de 2011 en Minas Gerais (Brasil). ; Structural characterization of soil organic matter is still poorly understood in Brazilian agroecosystems. We aimed to identify the qualitative changes of soil humic acids as influenced by agroforestry- and full sun-coffee systems in the Atlantic Coastal Rainforest domain. The study was carried out in the Zona da Mata located in the state of Minas Gerais, Brazil. The specific studied sites were: agroforestry-coffee (AGF), Full sun coffee (FSC) and Native forest (NF) which was selected and used to determine the native or steady state condition of soil. Soil humic acids were extracted by using basic-acid medium, purified, and freeze-dried to a solid state to perform 13C NMR and analytical pyrolysis analyses. 13C NMR assignment of soil HAs from FSC system suggests an intensification of the process of humification of HAs structure. The higher aromaticity index of HAs from FSC compared to the AGF system confirmed this result. The relative abundance in each specific pyrolitic group was similar among the different land use, with exception to the higher amounts of lignin-like and lipids compounds in AGF compared to FSC system, and the higher abundance of N-compounds in FSC (37,0%) than in AGF (21,5%) system. Combining 13C NMR with Pyrolysis is an interesting tool to the study of structural features of HAs. Despite of the discrepancies, both techniques indicated that studied AGF systems favor the genesis of soil HAs with lower degree of humification when compared to FSC system, as a result of the influence of organic residues (fresh and old) from trees. ; We acknowledge CNPq (Brazilian government) sponsor of FAS Xavier and ES Mendonça. ; Peer reviewed

2 páginas.-- 1 figuras.-- 3 referencias.-- Poster presentado en The 17th Meeting of the International Humic Substances Society Natural Organic Matter: Structure-Dynamics-Innovative applications. Ioannina, Greece, September 1-5 2014 ; In this study, four pyrolysis biochars (B1:wood, B2: paper-sludge, B3: sewage-sludge, B5: chips-wood certified) and one kiln-biochar (B4: grapevine wood) were characterized by determining different chemical and physical properties such as, elemental composition (C, H, N,O), pH, ash content, water holding capacity (WHC), specific surface area, as well as a suite of analytical techniques which included field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM-EDS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and 13C solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Those biochar characteristics were related to the soil properties, germination rates and to the plant biomass production during a field experiment of 7 months in which a calcareous Cambisol from SW Spain was amended with 0, 10 and 100 t ha-1 of the 5 biochars (n=6). Elemental and spectroscopy analyses suggested a generally high aromaticity for all the biochars. For the wood-derived biochars (B1, B4 and B5), IR and NMR spectra showed differences in specific functional groups present at biochars (for instance presence of lignin structures, carboxylic groups, etc.). Structural and compositional differences evidenced on the surface of biochars by FESEM-EDS were helpful in explaining their diverse physical characteristics. The field experiment unveiled that all biochar amendment increased not only the aromaticity of the soil organic matter (SOM) but also the germination rate and plant production. ; The Marie Curie Actions of the European Union's Seventh Framework People Programme (REA grant agreement nº PCIG12-GA-2012-333784-Biocharisma project), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO GCL2012-37041 and 2011BR0097) and the European Regional Development Fund (FEDER) are thanked for the financial support of the present study. Ph.D. J.M. De la Rosa was the recipient of a fellowship from the CSIC JAE-Doc program co-financed by the European Social Fund (JAE-DOC-056). The European Biochar Network (Biochar as option for sustainable resource management-COST action TD1107) and Bodegas Torres (Spain) are thanked for providing the biochar samples. ; Peer Reviewed

This volume comprises the abstracts of the contributions that were accepted to be presented at the meeting.-- The oral presentations are divided into 7 different sessions covering the various chemical, biological and physical aspects of fire impact on soils.-- Congress held in Sevilla-Cortegana (Huelva), Nov 4-6, 2009. ; FUEGORED2009 is the second annual meeting of the "Red Temática Nacional Efectos de los Incendios Forestales sobre los Suelos", an initiative of the National Plan I+D+I supported by the Spanish MInistry of Science and Innovation. This network is composed of many Spanish research groups that are dedicated to research to soils and environments affected by forest fires. Because of the worldwide relevance of this subject, there already exist considerable collaborations with many foreign research groups. Therefore, the goal of the present meeting is to offer a platform to exchange and discuss recent research efforts and ideas –both on a national and an international level– and to extract the research lines that needs to be followed in the future. A second goal of this meeting is to approach young scientists to become involved in and to contribute to this research area with their new ideas. With this in mind we sincerely welcome all the participants of the meeting, coming from all over Spain but also from abroad and are looking forward to dynamic and fruitful discussions with exchange of thoughts and ideas that move us forward. This meeting is organized under the auspices of the Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, the Universidad de Sevilla and the National Thematic Network FUEGORED, with the collaboration from the regional government (Junta de Andalucía) and and the Plenary of Cortegana. ; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). Universidad de Sevilla. Consejería de Medio Ambiente, Junta de Andalucía. Ayuntamiento de Cortegana, Huelva. ; Peer reviewed

12 páginas, 5 figuras, 3 tablas, 47 referencias.-- Advances in Organic Geochemistry 2005 — Proceedings of the 22nd International Meeting on Organic Geochemistry, Seville, Spain, 12-16 September 2005.-- cmartin@irnase.csic.es ; Analysis of river, estuary and marine sediments from the Atlantic coast of Spain using thermogravimetry–differential scanning calorimetry–quadrupole mass spectrometry–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (TG–DSC–QMS–IRMS) was used to (a) distinguish bulk chemical hosts for C within a sediment and humic acid fraction, (b) track C pools with differing natural C isotope ratios and (c) observe variation with distance from the coast. This is the first application of such a novel method to the characterisation of organic matter from marine sediments and their corresponding humic acid fractions. Using thermal analysis, a labile, a recalcitrant and a refractory carbon pool can be distinguished. Extracted humic fractions are mainly of recalcitrant nature. The proportion of refractory carbon is greatest in marine sediments and humic acid fractions. Quadrupole mass spectrometry confirmed that the greatest proportion of m/z 44 (CO2) and m/z 18 (H2O) were detected at temperatures associated with recalcitrant carbon (510–540 °C). Isotope analysis detected progressive enrichment in δ13C for the sediment samples with an increase in marine influence. Isotopic heterogeneity in the refractory organic matter in marine sediments could be due to products of anthropogenic origin or natural combustion products. Isotope homogeneity of humic acids confirms the presence of terrigenous C in marine sediments, allowing the terrestrial input to be characterised. ; This work has been carried out using financial support to D.A.C.M. from the EPSRC (GR/R34332/01), NERC (NER/D/S/2003/00678) and One NorthEast. Financial support to J.M. de la Rosa was obtained from the European Union Marie Curie postgraduate training programme. We would like to thank The Spanish Ministry of Education for providing funds for the BACH project (BC, REN 2002-04602-C02). ; Peer reviewed

Comunicación oral presentada en EGU 2019, Viena (Austria) 7 al 12 de abril de 2019. Puede ver el Abstract en https://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EGU2019/EGU2019-18932-1.pdf ; Changes in climatic and environmental conditions can affect both, plant chemical and isotope composition. Therefore, biomass carbon isotope composition is frequently used to gain information about the environmental conditions at the time a plant was growing [1]. In this field, the majority of studies use isotope values obtained from bulk samples. However, these values are a weighed mean average of the different plant compounds. The Isotopic characterization of individual biogeochemical compounds represents a relevant analytical advance able to differentiate the isotopic composition of the main plant components i.e. polysaccharides, lignin, polypeptides, lipids and waxes, etc. Here, we investigate the link between molecular and isotope composition of bark from three Eucalyptus species (E. grandis, E. dunni and a hybrid E. grandis x E. dunni) using Py-CSIA. Bulk samples and lignin extracted were analysed by Py-CSIA; this technique, although not widely used, has been previously developed and applied, with different variants [2-7], to characterize plant products including lignin [8], sugars [9] and terpenes [10]. Our results support the idea that the pyrolysis compound specific isotope analysis (Py-CSIA) can provide valuable and accurate isotopic fingerprinting of biomass. Despite that wood/bark from different origins provide very similar pyrolysis pattern, isotopic composition of relevant specific compounds can make the difference giving additional valuable information. ; [1] Michenerand Lajtha (Eds). Stable Isotopes in Ecology and Environmental Science (2nd Ed.) Blackwell Publishing Ltd (2007) 566p. [2] Gonñi and Eglinton, J. High Resol. Chromat. 17 (1994), 476. [3] Pulchan et al., J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 42 (1997), 135. [4] Gleixner and Schmidt. In Nitrogen-containing Macromolecules in the Bio- and Geosphere. Stankiewicz and van Berger (Eds), ACS Symposium Series 707 (1998), pp. 34–46. [5] Gleixner et al. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 13 (1999) 1278. [6] Schulten and Gleixner Water Res. 33 (1999) 2489. [7] Gleixner et al. Organic Geochemistry 33 (2002) 357. [8] Steinbeiss et al. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis 75 (2006) 19. [9] González-Pérez et al. J. Sci. Food Agric. 96 (2016) 948. [10] Llana-Ruíz-Cabello et al. J. Chrom A 1525 (2017) 145. ; FPI grant funded by the Spanish Government (Ref. BES-2017-07968) ; Peer reviewed